Respondent Validation for Non-ID Processing in the Decennial Census , JSRTask, November The Census Bureau seeks expert advice to develop methodologies to validate respondents are who they say they are when responding to online questionnaires as well as methodologies to detect and combat fraud. Technical Considerations for the Evolving U. Open and Crowd-Sourced Data for Treaty Verification , JSRTask, October This study will examine tools for automated validation of open source information and assess the potential utility of open source data for treaty verification, transparency, and confidence building.
Subsurface Characterization: Letter Report , JSRTask, September In response to a request from the Department of Energy, JASON recommends that DOE take a leadership role in the science and technology for improved measurement, characterization, and understanding of the state of stress of engineered subsurface systems in order to address major energy and security challenges of the nation.
A Robust Health Data Infrastructure , JSR, November HHS asked JASON to address the nationally significant challenge of developing comprehensive clinical datasets, collected in real world environments and accessible in real time, to support clinical research and to address public health concerns.
These datasets could be used to guide clinical research, enhance medical decision-making, and respond quickly to public health challenges. Enhanced Geothermal Systems , JSR, December DOE requested this study, identifying a focus on: i assessment of technologies and approaches for subsurface imaging and characterization so as to be able to validate EGS opportunities, and ii assessment of approaches toward creating sites for EGS, including science and engineering to enhance permeability and increase the recovery factor.
The study also examines the national security implications of failure to execute a DOE Exascale Computing Initiative in the time frame. Compressive Sensing for DoD Sensor Systems , JSR, November JASON was asked to consider how compressed sensing may be applied to Department of Defense systems, emphasizing radar because installations on small platforms can have duty cycles limited by average transmit power. Single Flux Quantum logic is unlikely to provide an implementation that is superior in speed or energy to CMOS technology in the next decade.
Kappenman's worst-case scenario, 3 how previous solar storms have affected some power grids, and 4 what can be done at reasonable cost to protect our grid. Tritium , JSR, November JASON was asked to examine the current state of scientific knowledge and engineering practice on the physical and chemical bases for large-scale tritium breeding.
Soon it will be possible for every individual to have access to the complete DNA sequence of his or her genome for a modest cost. JASON was asked to consider the impact of anticipated advances in genome sequencing technology over the next decade, and to assess the relevant operational opportunities and challenges that will be presented by these technologies.
Science of Cyber-Security , JSR, November JASON was asked by the DoD to examine the theory and practice of cyber-security, and to evaluate whether there are underlying fundamental principles that would make it possible to adopt a more scientific approach. Microbial Forensics , JSR, May JASON was asked to address the development of a research roadmap that would provide an underpinning for improved microbial forensic capabilities. The changing national and global context for basic research is reviewed and the rationale for basic research within the DoD is discussed.
Quest for Truth: Deception and Intent Detection , JSR, October This report provides an assessment of the potential utility and efficacy of monitoring and assessing human behavioral neurophysiology and verbal and nonverbal communication to determine human intent in a military context. Our main conclusions are that the proposed applications of the science of HFGW are fundamentally wrong; that there can be no security threat; and that independent scientific and technical vetting of such hypothetical threats is generally necessary.
Current Spreading in Long Objects , JSR, October This note derives the distribution of electrical spreading currents along the length of solid conducting objects for which the length substantially exceeds the width. Many DoD systems, such as re-entry vehicles and satellites, have survivability requirements that cannot presently be tested.
Human Performance , JSR, March The tasking for this study was to evaluate the potential for adversaries to exploit advances in Human Performance Modification, and thus create a threat to national security. In making this assessment, we were asked to evaluate long-term scenarios. We have thus considered the present state of the art in pharmaceutical intervention in cognition and in brain-computer interfaces, and considered how possible future developments might proceed and be used by adversaries.
The most probable threats are non-contact explosions, where a high pressure wave is launched towards the ship. DARHT 2 was declared complete in but, in subsequent testing, failed to achieve its design goals. We were asked to consider the prospects for achieving such biogenic fuel production in principle and in practice; and what the requirements and fundamental limitations are for achieving viability. Quantifications of Margins and Uncertainties , JSR, March 23, Quantification of Margins and Uncertainties is a formalism for dealing with the reliability of complex technical systems, and the confidence which can be placed in estimates of that reliability.
Factors associated with physical activity in women, older adults, and African Americans; Community-based interventions to increase physical activity and healthy eating in women, older adults, and African Americans; Translational research; Women's health, particularly coronary heart disease. Harrill, Rich. Hendry, George. Rhodes, Lynne. Glavey, Brian.
Twentieth-century American literature; Modernism and the avant-garde; Contemporary Poetry; Gender studies and queer theory. Hardin, James. Correlated data analysis including generalized estimating equations and mixed models; Discrete data regression models including bivariate outcomes for which joint probabilities may be estimated using copula functions.
Hussey, James. Jones, Sonya. Kaczynski, Andrew. Montgomery, Allen. Arnot, Cathy. Xirasagar, Sudha. Colorectal cancer screening and cancer prevention outcomes, colorectal cancer screening and treatment; stroke care and outcomes, racial disparities in care and outcomes, global health services research on health systems strengthening, costs, provider behavior, and clinical outcome. Carson, Warren. Rudisill, Frank. Applying quality tools and techniques to solve real industrial problems; management; operations management; statistics, business strategy.
Hampton, Jill. Irish-American and Irish Literature, particularly 19th-century Irish Women Writers, landscape theory in literary narratives, how American landscapes inform both Ethnic and Anglo-American literary identities; intersection of literature and film; Border Theory; identity borders, both literary and metaphoric.
Smith, Jeff. Entrepreneurship, Finance and Accounting; management; valuations; emerging business and social enterprises; change and efficiencies in higher education; student debt; costs and efficiencies in higher education and intercollegiate athletics. Tanyel, Faruk. Charles, Jim. American Indian literatures and cultures; the writing of N.
Scott Momaday; teaching composition; young adult literature; teacher effectiveness assessment; textbook critique; middle-level education; curriculum theory.
Faulkner, Rebecca. Hooks, Laura. Jambois, Frank. Pae, Holly. School governance reform; practices to promote inclusive schooling; issue concerning child welfare and reading sponsorship in rural communities; special education. Clary, Patricia. Davis, Angie. Gilliam, Tammy. Hodge, Mary. Jennings, Cindy. Nursing; Educational Technology; instructional design, learning environments redesign, critical digital pedagogy, academic technology innovation, online and active learning, and universal design and accessibility.
Webb, Elizabeth. Wallace, Jeffrey. Stenger, Karl. Kuck, Douglas. Rape myth, deviant drinking, religious fundamentalism, capital punishment, monopoly board game, teaching strategies, victimization in schools, gender role ideology. Wang, Linda. Geography; Ethnic Asians and their integration into the US, Asian business markets, geography of countries in Asia, race and immigration in America. Wernet-Beyer, Christine. Experimental learning, credit cards, taxes, institutional values, gender issues, service-learning, American identity.
Harrison, David. Accounting, international business, managerial accounting, activity-based costing, decision-making, international education. Leach, Robert. Porca, Sanela.
Economics; public finance, urban and regional economic development, state tax revenue competition, portfolio approach to state taxation. Craps, Jami. DeWitt, Chris. Lintner, Tim. McClellan, Sally. Family life education, social studies and creative arts in early childhood, math and science in early childhood, diversity of elementary education; minorities in education; Academic Achievement of African American Students; African American Children's Literature; Accreditation of early education programs.
Parr, Brian. Schweder, Windy. Individuals with exceptionalities, individuals with mental retardation, methods and materials for teaching individuals with mental retardation, behavior intervention and management, methods and procedures for teaching individuals with emotional disabilities, technology for diverse learners and diverse populations. Senn, Gary. Comparison of face-to-face and hybrid delivery of a course that requires technology skills development, design and implementation of planetarium shelving for use in conjunction with a camera obscura, computer technology for elementary and middle schools, the effect of graded homework on student achievement in college general chemistry; Educational Technology; Science Education; Middle Level Education;Professional Learning; Online Education; E-Learning.
Tyler, Vernelle. Lifespan growth and development, teaching language arts in elementary school, critical issues in American education, home-school connection, recess and play in early childhood education. Dennis, Allen. Mountain building processes, physical geology, historical geology, structural geology, and Southern Appalachian geology. Dyer, Andrew. Population and community ecology, invasive species ecology, and habitat restoration; population biology of invasive grasses, including competitive ability and germination traits.
Harmon, Michele. Jackson, William. Kunka, Andrew. First World War literature; 19th and 20th century British novels; graphic novels; popular culture; film especially film noir, war movies, and horror films ; history of racial caricatures in American comic books. Rowe, Gerard. Leverette, Chad. Roberts, Kenneth. Ruszczyk, Ronald. White, Douglas. Hailat, Mohammad. Mathematical sciences; classification problem of root systems associated with Lie algebras; graph theory; basis number of graphs, friendship theory, and related topics.
Chen, Tieling. Fadimba, Koffi. Mathematics, applied mathematics, numerical methods for Partial Differential Equations, Galerkin Finite Element Methods for immiscible two-phase flows in porous media. Gonzalez, Cynthia. Koo, Reginald. Pure mathematics, mathematics; analysis; conjugate function, inequalities; probability; decision theory; general mathematics. Li, Rao. Graph theory, computer science, mathematical sciences; Hamiltonian graph theory; spectral graph theory; designing algorithms on the variants of the longest common subsequence problem in computer science.
Li, Zhenheng. Mathematical sciences; algebra, Lie algebras; algebraic monoids and groups, reductive monoids, classical monoids, Putcha lattices, Renner monoids, and properties of modules over Kac-Moody algebras. Reid, Thomas. Zhang, Yilian. Statistics, computer networking and Web programming, computer applications, mathematical sciences, inverse scattering problem and dynamic systems, characteristic features of a new type of integrable system that is derived from inverse problem, robust algorithm for finding roots of transcendental equations, Chebyshev interpolation, Newton map.
Siren, Joe. Fernandes, Pearl. Weed, Keri. Lifespan development; child, adolescent and adult development; developmental disabilities; development of cognition and academic skills, and on teen pregnancy and teen parenting.
Carrigan, Maureen. Clinical psychology; addictive behaviors; anxiety disorders, Conditioning models of addiction, Use of substances to cope. Stafford, Jane. McGahee, Thayer. Keefauver, Melinda. Bowen, John Rhett. Composition, business, commercial law, private and governmental organizations relating to admiralty and maritime.
Calvert, Charles. Crews, Virginia. Glasson, Jim. Iwasa, Akira. Algebra, Calculus, Differential Equations, Set-theoretic Topology topological spaces by using the techniques of set theory. Landrum, Robert. Malphrus, Ellen.
Baum, Angela. Brown, Kara. Salazar, John. Hospitality management, tourism, southeast travel; Destination Marketing and Operations Management; nutrition and food science. Sanders, Manuel. Staton, Joseph. The ecology and evolution of marine invertebrates, specifically in understanding how larval development and dispersal impact these populations over time. Stuart, Aurel. Villena-Alvare, Babet. Weatherhead, Nora.
Wise, Stephen. Gardner, Fran. Cox, Ron. Bellanca, Mary Ellen. British literature; nature writing; 19th-century British nature journals study; Gerard Manley Hopkins; George Eliot; Alexander Pope; Anna Barbauld; composition and literature; fiction, drama; business writing and communication; Victorian literature.
Hampton, Hayes. Gottesman, Carmela. Visual perception and memory; perception and memory for spatial layout; developmental psychology; cognitive psychology; social psychology; sensation and perception; human factors and performance;. Zeidan, Hussein. Bucker, Park. American literary characters; post-war literature; Joseph Heller; Scott F. Fitzgerald; nineteenth-century American literature; twentieth-century American and British drama; Nobel Prize laureates in literature; literary biography writing.
Costello, Bob. Cavanagh, Kimberly. Buchanan, Steve. Borton, Brett. Hawkins, Matthew. Hillman, Rebecca. Sevim, Volkan. Macias, Salvador. Picariello, Damien. Roberts, Mark. Reese, Michele. Smith, Teresa. Anderson, Joe. Ivey, Randy. Bakos, Jason.
Steinbach, Adam. Strategic management, psychological and compensation factors that motivate executive decision-making, social evaluations made by stakeholders; managerial decision-making;. Carlson, Ryan. Lu, Kelan Lilly. Stratton, Brad. Professional communication; Management; business consulting; government consulting; grant writing; RFP bids; writing and editing college-level textbooks;.
Hauk, Jr. Alford, Duncan. Miller, Matt. Twentieth Century and Contemporary American literature; African-American literature, non-Western literatures and films, especially from Africa and the Caribbean, and the Graphic Novel; transnationalism in American literature throughout the twentieth century to contemporary writers;.
Wilson, Edward. Crittenden, Scott. Elfenbein, Jessica. Urban and public history, religious history, history of philanthropy, American urban life, Ferguson, SC.
Boutte, Gloria. Culturally relevant pedagogy; culturally and linguistically diverse students; African American students; African American language and biliteracy; culturally relevant curriculum; equity methodologies; African Diaspora Literacy. Woertendyke, Gretchen. Boyd, Sarah "Sally". Barilla, James. Osokina, Elena. Saucier, Patrick. Sociology of religion; the family; gender roles; elementary education of children with learning difference; non-traditional adult education.
Pershin, Yuriy. Emerging memory devices theory and experiment ; unconventional computing; 2D materials. Borgianini, Stephen. Vogt, Thomas. Crystallography; General structural chemistry; Chemical synthesis, structures and properties of metal oxides; electron, x-ray and neutron diffraction techniques and instrumentation i.
Newsom, Paul. Economics, business finance, capital budgeting financial markets, money and banking, corporate finance, agency theory, corporate , and finance education. Blackwell, Elise. Crocker, Holly.
Jarrells, Anthony. Powell, Tara. Wooten, Nikki. Substance use and psychological problems in military personnel and veterans; Gender differences in military behavioral health service utilization; Post-deployment mental health. Whitten, Rachel. Buchan, Nancy. Ames, Christine. Binev, Peter. Kusch, Celena. American literature;; Transatlantic Modernism; 20th Century U. Marlow, David. Classroom pedagogy and the rhetoric of technical communication in digital environments; linguistics; communications; english.
Jackson, Douglas. Jordan, Don. Petrie, Michelle. Race and gender differences in the workplace, determinants of protest participation, social problems with service learning, roles race, ethnicity, and gender play in life in America. Czabarka, Eva. Anderson, Susan. Gross, Sam. Lehman, Amy. Mills, Andy Andrew. Pruett, Valerie. Van Fleit, Krista. McClimans, Leah. Gardner, Hunter. Han, Bing. Jones, Joe. Smith, Erik. Dudycha, Jeff. Evolutionary ecology; Adaptive and non-adaptive evolutionary processes; Biodiversity; Quantitative genetics; Genomics; Functional genetics; Physiology; Ecological diversification; GBenotype-environment interactions; Phenotypic plasticity; Daphnia; Experimental ecology; Cryptophyte phytoplankton; Life history evolution; Trade-offs in resource allocation; Vision, eyes; Photosynthesis.
Bazaliy, Yaroslaw. Petkewich, Maureen. Statistics education, educational research and measurement, and a growing interest in data visualization. Chametzky, Peter. Felleman, Susan. Blackburn, McKinley. Ke, Da. Kim, Hugh. Berns, Andrew. Jewish studies; visions of terrestrial paradise in Hebrew literature of the Renaissance; rural medicine and Jewish physicians in sixteenth-century Italy; madness and melancholy amongst Jews and Catholics in Italy.
Ployhart, Robert. Human capital; staffing; personnel selection; recruitment; staffing-related legal issues; applied statistical models; human resources; statistics. Ozturk, Orgul. DeBacker, Jason. Zelmer, Derek. Among-scale interactions of population and community processes in aquatic systems, determinants of parasite community structure in aquatic vertebrates, and transmission dynamics of parasites in lotic ecosystems, parasitology, aquatic biology, ecology, biology; fishing.
Fornes, Karl. Collins, Vicki. Lopez-Robertson, Julia. Multi-cultural childrens' language and literacy; Afterchool program for Latino children and their parents to help with literacy and math; Biliteracy, bilingualism; Literacy learning in K-2 classrooms; working with latino families. Turk, Ercan. Tourism Policy and Development through Sustainable Tourism; Tourism Impact Studies; Tourism issues in developing countries; Sustainable tourism; International tourism and marketing research; Destination Marketing and Management; Methods of market segmentation and appropriate strategy formulation; Accountability research; Advertising effectiveness and conversion studies; Decision-making; factors affecting destination choices; tourist motivation; images; attitudes.
Monrad, Diane. Oglan, Victoria. Silvernail, Linda. Diversity and equity in education, classroom instruction, teacher preparation, and curriculum designed to meet diverse student needs.
Stevick, Doyle. Torres-McGehee, Toni. Sport nutrition, eating disorders, body image, female athlete triad, in female and males athletes as well as the military; prevention programs and screening methods for mental health disorders and the female athletes triad for collegiate dancers, athletes, and military personnel. Hills, Kimberly. Autism diagnosis, psychological assessment, prevention and intervention for at-risk youth and positive psychology.
Webster, Collin. Chakravarty, Anu. Political violence; State building; Development; Designs research, conducts fieldwork and analyzes qualitative data generated from vulnerable research populations in sensitive settings. Knight, Travis. Advanced nuclear fuels and materials; Nuclear safeguards; Nuclear fuel cycle; Alternative uses of nuclear power, hydrogen; Space nuclear power and propulsion. Carver, Wayne. Understanding how fibroblast behavior and gene expression are regulated in the heart; endothelial cells; changes in density and organization of the extracellular matrix; cardiovascular performance; heart disease; hypertension.
Ebner, Armin. Keyser, Catherine. Reeves, Susan. Partlow, Charles. Strategy and Management Practices within the Hospitality Industry; Leadership practices in hospitality.
Training and operation of an integrated neuromorphic network based on metal-oxide memristors. Nature , 61—64 Neuromorphic nanoelectronic materials. John, R. Yang, J. Artificial synapses emulated by an electrolyte-gated tungsten-oxide transistor. Zhu, X. Ionic modulation and ionic coupling effects in MoS 2 devices for neuromorphic computing. Tian, H. Seo, S. Artificial optic-neural synapse for colored and color-mixed pattern recognition.
Grollier, J. Neuromorphic spintronics. Song, T. Giant tunneling magnetoresistance in spin-filter van der Waals heterostructures. Lin, X. Two-dimensional spintronics for low-power electronics.
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B 80 , Banszerus, L. Ultrahigh-mobility graphene devices from chemical vapor deposition on reusable copper. Schwierz, F. Graphene transistors. Radisavljevic, B. Single-layer MoS 2 transistors. Desai, S. MoS 2 transistors with 1-nanometer gate lengths. Science , 99— Khan, A.
IEEE, Muratore, C. Continuous ultra-thin MoS 2 films grown by low-temperature physical vapor deposition. Appl Phys. Ji, J. Two-dimensional antimonene single crystals grown by van der Waals epitaxy.
Li, X. Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils. Two-dimensional transistors beyond graphene and TMDCs. Das, S. High performance multilayer MoS 2 transistors with scandium contacts. Kappera, R. Phase-engineered low-resistance contacts for ultrathin MoS 2 transistors.
Xia, F. The origins and limits of metal—graphene junction resistance. Allain, A. Electrical contacts to two-dimensional semiconductors. Cui, X. Multi-terminal transport measurements of MoS 2 using a van der Waals heterostructure device platform. Duan, X. Lateral epitaxial growth of two-dimensional layered semiconductor heterojunctions.
Lee, G. Highly stable, dual-gated MoS 2 transistors encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride with gate-controllable contact, resistance, and threshold voltage. ACS nano 9 , — Zhao, Y. He, D.
High-performance black phosphorus field-effect transistors with long-term air stability. Scaling carbon nanotube complementary transistors to 5-nm gate lengths. Li, W. Uniform and ultrathin high-k gate dielectrics for two-dimensional electronic devices.
Cheng, R. High-frequency self-aligned graphene transistors with transferred gate stacks. Natl Acad. Given these physical building blocks, what types of technologies can actually take advantage of these properties? Designing qubits for a quantum computer is no simple task. Quantum systems require very strict isolation of particles and an ability to manipulate complex physical systems to a level of precision never attempted before.
There are a few competing technologies that have come up in recent years, including trapped ion qubits, superconducting qubits, semiconductor spin qubits, linear optics, and Majorana qubits. The general philosophy of qubit design can be summarized by the following few points called the DiVincenzo criteria :. Specifically, initializing and performing computations on a qubit require interactions on the system, which will inherently break the required isolation of making a qubit stable.
This is one reason why it is fundamentally difficult to build a quantum computer. Graphic representation of: 1 On the left, the superconducting qubits connected by microwave resonators IBM Research.
Nevertheless, the two most promising candidates for NISQ-era noisy intermediate-scale quantum bits have been the trapped-ion qubit and the superconducting qubit. A trapped ion qubit operates on atoms. Since such a qubit uses the properties of atomic ions, it can naturally leverage the quantum mechanical properties via internal energy levels of the atoms.
Conceptually, the idea is to specify two atomic energy levels of the ion, and denote those as the 0 and 1 energy levels. The choice of the two levels determines how the qubit is controlled: a large separation between the energy levels e. These are called optical qubits. This latter type falls in the microwave frequency, and thus can be controlled via microwave pulses.
How can you stabilize an ion and use it for computation? This can be done by applying an electromagnetic field in a particular way an RF Paul trap to freeze the ion at a saddle point. As you might imagine, such a setup would need many components, including lasers, control electronics, liquid helium for cooling, and an extreme level of precision during operation. Trapped-Ion qubits are gaining quite the fanfare recently.
While the theoretical foundations have been around since , only recently has its implementation really taken off. Additionally, their lower error rates provide a compelling technology to be the qubit of the future during the NISQ era.
While this is all promising, trapped-ion qubits do have some drawbacks, the biggest of which is that they are slower than superconducting qubits. This characteristic may be important to account for real-time errors coming out of the system.
Additionally, there are limits to how many ions can fit in a single trap and be made to interact. All this does not detract from the promise of trapped-ion qubits. In contrast to trapped-ion qubits, a superconducting qubit is implemented with lithographically printed circuit elements.
Until the recent rise of trapped-ion qubit technology, superconducting qubits have attracted significant industrial attention since it more closely follows existing integrated circuit technology.
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