Implementing Bright Futures in Public Health Professionals can hear recorded audio stories of Bright Futures implementations and read highlights of how Bright Futures is being used by state agencies as the standard for well-child care and as essential content throughout many public health programs.
The child-focused education is available from the 7 Year through the 21 Year visit. All of the information is written to be easy to read and understand, in both English and Spanish. This tip sheet is available in English and Spanish. Highlights and Announcements. November 4, November 3, November 2, October 29, During the project, participating teams will collaborate with one another and receive education, coaching, and resources from national experts in obesity prevention, assessment, and counseling.
Pediatricians who meet participation requirements will be eligible for Maintenance of Certification credits and if approved clinical staff will be eligible for CME credits. The response to Shelby in many formerly covered jurisdictions was swift and predictable. In North Carolina, for instance, lawmakers rushed to impose a strict voter ID requirement. Multiple formerly covered jurisdictions have used their new freedoms to enact strict voter ID laws, close polling places, and limit access to early voting.
The wave of voter suppression laws enacted after Shelby v. Holder was not restricted to formerly covered jurisdictions. The law—which was in place for the midterm elections—contained a provision requiring citizens to present an ID with a valid residential street address in order to vote. In alone, Native Americans, Latinos, and African Americans were two, three, and four times, respectively, more likely than their white counterparts to report experiencing racial discrimination when trying to vote or participate in politics.
Felony disenfranchisement was one of the most powerful tools for denying the vote to Black citizens during the Jim Crow era. Despite the many achievements of the VRA, this discriminatory policy has been allowed to persist and expand across the country for decades. Notably, the war on drugs targeted people of color for arrest and incarceration, magnifying the effects of felony disenfranchisement nationwide. But in alone, 6. The denial of full suffrage for residents of Washington, D.
Each election year, millions of American service members, diplomats, and expatriates living abroad vote in their home states using absentee ballots. Washington residents serve in the military and pay federal taxes, but they have just a single presidential electoral vote and no voting power on the floor of the U.
House of Representatives or U. In , 3. Felony disenfranchisement and the denial of suffrage to Washington, D. Together, these policies affected 9. Citizens with prior felony convictions and those residing in Washington, D.
Thus, these predominantly nonwhite Americans continue to endure exclusion, discrimination, and exploitation more than years after the abolition of slavery.
In recent years, policymakers have tested the limits of how far they can go to prevent people of color from voting. Discriminatory voter purges, modern-day poll taxes, and the revocation of citizenship threaten to upend American democracy. Supreme Court again gave voter suppression its stamp of approval when it ruled in Husted v.
Philip Randolph Institute that states were permitted to throw eligible Americans off their voter rolls—also known as purging—just because they decided to skip some elections.
The 24th Amendment banned poll taxes from being used to prevent citizens from voting. The 14th Amendment guarantees American citizenship for all people born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof. These recent examples serve as a critical reminder that some of the most powerful lawmakers in the so-called land of the free remain committed to limiting full access to American democracy. This project was made possible by a generous grant from the Ohio Humanities Council.
The U. Petersen George A. Vaughan Richard E. Did Byrd Fly over the North Pole in ? The Journal of American History is the leading scholarly publication and journal of record in the field of American history and is the major resource for the study, investigation, and teaching of our country's heritage ….
The Journal of American History presents interviews with authors of articles in the journal. Click here to subscribe via iTunes. Guest host Dr. Process is the blog of the Organization of American Historians, The Journal of American History , and The American Historian , dedicated to exploring the process of doing history and the multifaceted ways of engaging with the U. More information. Like the OAH Facebook page. Founded in , the Organization of American Historians OAH is the largest professional society dedicated to the teaching and study of American history.
By most accounts, however, the United States holds the worst records for maternal and infant mortality in the developed world.
To assess maternal and infant health, public health researchers and development experts report the maternal mortality rate MMR and the infant mortality rate IMR. The MMR is the number of maternal deaths per , live births annually, and the IMR is the number of infant deaths per 1, live births annually.
Although U. Maternal mortality rates in the United States plummeted over the 20th century; 13 however, non-Hispanic white women experienced a steeper decline in maternal mortality than did African American women—introducing a racial gap that persists today. Like maternal mortality, infant mortality in the United States sharply declined over the 20th century. However, the racial gap in infant mortality rates has been present since these data started being collected by the government and hospitals more than years ago, and it has not significantly changed in more than 50 years.
Numerous studies show that after controlling for education and socioeconomic status, African American women remain at higher risk for maternal and infant mortality. Indeed, one study showed that after controlling for income; gestational age; and maternal age and health status, the odds of dying from pregnancy or delivery complications were almost three times higher for African American women than they were for non-Hispanic white women.
Early and adequate prenatal care is designed to promote healthy pregnancies and reduce maternal and infant mortality through maternal health screening, parent education, and counseling on healthy behaviors. This may partly be due to differing quality of prenatal care. Studies show that once African American women access prenatal care, it tends to be of lower quality and the women experience more complications. Current health status, health history, stress, and experiences of racism may contribute to maternal and infant mortality when coupled with lower-quality prenatal care.
Although numerous physical health behaviors and conditions influence maternal and birth outcomes, behavioral interventions often focus on two behaviors: smoking and drug abuse and obesity. Neither of these can fully account for the racial disparity in maternal or infant mortality. Smoking and drug abuse are risk behaviors that strongly predict preterm delivery, low birth weight, 26 and sudden infant death syndrome. Obesity—which is associated with pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia 29 —predicts both maternal and infant mortality and is more prevalent among African American women.
When women experience acute and chronic life stressors during pregnancy, maternal mental health issues can arise. Maternal mental health issues among African American women are largely underreported and symptoms often go unaddressed. These challenges have been linked to depression among this population.
0コメント